起重機解釋

配備有井架或塔架的起重機用於使用滑輪和電纜來降低和提升材料塔式起重機。重型設備製造商和建築業在與其工藝相關的各種活動中使用起重機。人字吊臂起重機 (Derrick Crane)

建築業中使用的起重機大多是臨時結構,要么安裝在專門用於承載起重機的車輛上,要么固定在地面上。起重機可以通過各種方法進行控制,例如無線電控制、紅外線控製或使用按鈕吊墜的內置控制站或由坐在車輛駕駛室中的操作員控制。

在操作控件的人員和地面工人之間使用標準化的手勢信號。較大的裝置為此使用無線電通信。經驗豐富的起重機工作人員可以使用此類信號精確定位負載。起重船或輪船通常攜帶最大的旋轉起重機。欲了解更多信息,請訪問 [http://www.just-cranes.info]

令人驚訝的是,從一世紀羅馬哈特里墓中的石刻浮雕中可以看出,這座紀念碑是用一種起重機建造的,起重機曾用於波蘭的中世紀造船廠和港口。

常用的各種起重機有鐵路起重機、移動式起重機、伸縮式起重機、塔式起重機、隨車起重機、越野起重機、履帶式起重機、隨車起重機、浮式起重機、門式起重機和空中起重機。

安裝在鐵路車廂或平車上的起重機稱為鐵路起重機。移動式起重機是最基本和最常見的起重機類型,顧名思義,可以輕鬆攜帶到任何地方。塔式起重機固定在地面上。這些主要用於建築物中,以實現起重能力和高度的最佳組合。伸縮式起重機能夠提升較低的容量,但可以達到更高的高度。

為了提供更大的機動性,起重機將安裝在運載卡車上,稱為隨車起重機。而安裝在四個橡膠輪胎上的崎嶇地形起重機能夠在崎嶇地形中進行拾取和搬運作業。履帶式起重機安裝在一組帶有起落架的軌道上,具有較好的穩定性和機動性。

懸掛式起重機或橋式起重機主要用於工廠內部,它們能夠承載非常重的負載。在自動化和計算機控制的倉庫中,使用帶有叉車的堆垛機。
在橋樑或港口建設期間,使用浮式起重機。裝載或卸載笨拙或重型機械的浮式起重機是理想的選擇。它們也用於海上工作。從直升機延伸出來的空中起重機用於提升大型負載。

起重機的設計基於兩個主要考慮。一是起重規定的質量,二是其穩定性,在進行起重作業時不應傾倒。

產品熟悉 – 起重機和起重機類型

並非所有人都熟悉起重機和起重機 塔式起重機,但它們實際上是起重設備。人字吊臂起重機 (Derrick Crane) 建築業每天使用不同種類的起重機和起重機來減輕吊重材料的負擔。通過使用這些特殊設備,他們的“吊裝”任務將毫不費力地完成,節省時間和精力。為了更好地理解這些東西,你應該知道什麼是起重機和起重機,以及它是如何使用的。

提昇機是一種有用的設備,用於提升/降低負載。這通常通過可以纏繞鏈條或繩索的桶或鼓來完成。提昇機可以手動或電動操作,也可以使用鏈條和鋼絲繩/纖維繩作為提升介質進行氣動驅動。

起重機通常用於建築/製造業。這些是臨時結構,並且是固定的或安裝的。起重機通常由操作員控制,其中一些通過按鈕控制站或無線電/紅外遙控器進行操作。

起重機有幾種類型,命名為:

  • 伸縮式起重機有一個由不同的安裝管組成的吊桿,這些管彼此位於彼此內部。管子通過增加或減少主臂長度的液壓機構縮回或延伸。
  • 塔式起重機固定在地面上。起重能力和高度的結合是塔式起重機的一大特點。它用於建造摩天大樓和高層建築。
  • 越野起重機通常安裝在帶有 4 個橡膠輪胎的起落架上,該輪胎設計用於搬運和拾取操作。
  • 隨車起重機安裝在橡膠輪胎卡車上。卡車四處行駛以實現最大的便攜性。
  • 履帶式起重機是一種懸掛式起重機,具有自己的一組軌道,可提供移動性和穩定性。
  • 裝載起重機用於裝卸貨物;這是安裝在拖車上的。它有不同的連接部分,可以在起重機不使用時折疊起來。
  • 懸掛式或橋式起重機通常安裝在裝配區的一側。它在小車上有一個提昇機,沿著1或2根橫梁以直角向某個方向移動。
  • 堆垛機具有與叉車相似的機構。它被用於自動化倉庫,尤其是在危險環境中,因此工人不需要忍受如此惡劣的條件。

起重機和起重機是安全高效的起重和/或物料搬運操作的巨大輔助工具。起重機和起重機經過適當設計,可實現強大、可靠和高效的操作。

這些強大的起重設備需要適當的維護,以提供優質可靠的服務。在做出任何關鍵決定之前,正確的選擇是必不可少的。購買起重機和起重機產品時,請在下訂單前回答以下問題:

1.您需要什麼類型的下鉤或上鉤?

  1. 你舉起或移動什麼?
  2. 是否需要架空保護或指示器?
  3. 負載的重量是多少?

5.需要多少起重

  1. 您需要短柄還是長柄?

如果您能夠回答以下問題,那麼現在是尋找起重機和起重機供應商的時候了。市場上有很多製造商隨時準備提供您需要的設備。您可以選擇最好的起重設備供應商。

起重機的歷史 – 從古代到現代

今天,起重機廣泛用於建築行業,塔式起重機從塔式起重機到移動式起重機,種類繁多。然而,吊運大而重的物體在施工中一直很普遍。人字吊臂起重機 (Derrick Crane)毫不奇怪,這種需求導致在人類文明早期就開始使用起重機。

在古希臘,起重機被廣泛使用。許多希臘神廟都有帶孔的石頭,這些石頭給人的印像是它們是在起重裝置的幫助下放置的,這一事實已經證實了這一點。起重機的發展被認為已經取代了以前用於建造大型結構(例如埃及的金字塔)的舊坡道技術。然而,絞盤和滑輪系統的使用意味著起重機取代了坡道並變得更加移動。

然而,羅馬人在起重機上投入了大量的時間和精力。羅馬人以其令人印象深刻的建築工程而聞名,從地中海的渡槽到宏偉的鬥獸場。羅馬人開發了許多不同的起重機品種,從移動式多功能起重機 trispatos 到跑步機起重機,一種更持久的結構,能夠長距離舉起極重的重量。由於一些羅馬建築有100噸以上的石塊,很明顯羅馬起重機設計師的能力是巨大的。

在中世紀,跑步機起重機仍然是建築業的支柱,儘管手推車、梯子和發動機罩等手動物品繼續用於建築。起錨機也被使用,在建造大教堂等宏偉的結構時,帶有跑步機的起錨機被用於建築的各個層面,因為它們具有高度的移動性並且可以相對容易地創建。然而,直到現代,起重機才不僅用於垂直提升負載,還用於水平移動負載。由於貿易的重要性,起重機在港口發展得最快,今天仍然如此,造船廠以起重機變體的天際線為代表。

Offences and penalties – Offences and Evidence

Offences and penalties
Any person who—
(a)having been summoned by an inquiry committee to attend as a witness or to produce a document or other thing under section 24 without reasonable excuse refuses or fails to do so;
(b)attends as a witness before an inquiry committee and, without lawful excuse, refuses or fails to answer any question put to him by the inquiry committee;
(c)fraudulently obtains registration as a registered professional engineer for himself or any other person;
(d)obtains registration as a registered professional engineer for himself or any other person by means of any misleading, false or fraudulent representation or statement, either orally or in writing;
(e)makes or causes to be made any falsification in the register;
(f)impersonates or falsely represents himself as being the person referred to in any certificate or document presented to the Board or an inquiry committee in connection with its functions under this Ordinance;
(g)falsely takes or uses any name, initials, title, addition or description implying that his name is entered in the register;
(h)not being a registered professional engineer, knowingly permits the use of or uses in connection with his business or profession the description—
(i)“registered professional engineer”;
(ii)“registered professional engineer” with reference to a discipline;
(iii)“R.P.E.”;
(iv)“R.P.E.” with reference to a discipline; or
(v)initials or abbreviations of words intended to cause, or which may reasonably cause, any person to believe that the person using them is on the register;
(i)not being on the register, advertises or represents himself as a registered professional engineer or knowingly permits himself to be so advertised or represented;
(j)holds himself out to be ordinarily resident in Hong Kong at the time of making an application for registration when he is not so ordinarily resident,
commits an offence and is liable to a fine at level 5 and to imprisonment for 1 year.
(Amended E.R. 5 of 2020)

Use of Title

Use of title
(1)A person whose name does not appear on the register shall not be entitled to describe himself as a “registered professional engineer” with or without a qualifying discipline or to use the initials “R.P.E.” with or without a qualifying discipline.
(2)A person shall not use the description of “registered professional engineer” or the initials “R.P.E.” unless the person includes in the description the qualifying discipline either in full or by an abbreviation approved by the Board.
(3)The Board may apply to a judge for an order restraining any person whose name is not on the register or on the part of the register which applies to a particular discipline from describing himself as a “registered professional engineer” or using the initials “R.P.E.” whether used with or without a qualifying discipline or with a discipline for which he is not registered.
(4)A person, including a firm or company, shall not use the description of “registered professional engineers” or the initials “R.P.E.” unless—
(a)at each place where the person carries on the business of engineering, that business is conducted under the supervision of a registered professional engineer of the appropriate discipline who does not act at the same time for any other person other than for a firm or company that has substantially the same beneficial ownership and management as the person (where the person is a firm or company);
(b)where the person carries on a multidisciplinary practice, that business, so far as it relates to engineering, is under the full time control and management of a registered professional engineer of the appropriate discipline who does not act at the same time in a similar capacity for any other person other than for a firm or company that has substantially the same beneficial ownership and management as the person (where the person is a firm or company).
(5)The Board may apply to a judge for an order restraining any person who holds himself out to be providing engineering consultancy services at a professional level from so doing if the name of the person does not appear on the register or if the person has not complied with the requirements set out in subsection (4)(a) or (b).

Appeal to Court of Appeal – Appeals

Appeal to Court of Appeal
(1)Any person who is aggrieved by any decision or order made in respect of him under section 14(1), 15(5) or 23(1) may appeal to the Court of Appeal. (Amended 33 of 1997 s. 14)
(2)The Court of Appeal may affirm, reverse or vary the decision or order appealed against. (Amended 10 of 2005 s. 90)
(3)Where a person appeals against an order of an inquiry committee, the Court of Appeal shall consider the reasons of the inquiry committee and submissions upon the findings of fact and law of the inquiry committee made on behalf of the parties to the inquiry and may call for the original record of the evidence taken and any document put in evidence before the inquiry committee. (Amended 10 of 2005 s. 90)
(4)The Court of Appeal may, upon special grounds being shown, consider any additional evidence not adduced before the inquiry committee.
(5)(Repealed 10 of 2005 s. 85)
(6)The practice in relation to any appeal shall be subject to any rules of court made under the High Court Ordinance (Cap. 4). (Amended 57 of 1999 s. 3)
(7)The Court of Appeal shall not have power to hear any appeal against a decision or order made under section 14(1), 15(5) or 23(1) unless—
(a)in the case of a decision made under section 14(1) or 15(5), notice of such appeal is given within 3 months after the applicant is notified in writing of the decision;
(b)in the case of an order made under section 23(1), notice of such appeal is given within 3 months of the service of the order under section 26. (Replaced 33 of 1997 s. 14)
(8)In deciding any appeal under this section, the Court of Appeal may make such order for payment of costs as it considers reasonable. (Amended E.R. 5 of 2020)

Publication of disciplinary orders – Disciplinary Proceedings

Publication of disciplinary orders
(1)After the expiry of the time within which an appeal may be made to the Court of Appeal under section 28 against an order of an inquiry committee made under section 23(1)(a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) or, if such an appeal has been made, after the appeal is finally determined, the Board— (Amended L.N. 179 of 1991; 33 of 1997 s. 13; 10 of 2005 s. 89)
(a)shall publish a copy of the order or, if the order is varied on appeal, the order as so varied in at least one English and one Chinese language newspaper circulating daily in Hong Kong; and
(b)may publish the order or, if the order is varied on appeal, the order as so varied in any other publication or manner as the Board thinks fit. (Amended 10 of 2005 s. 89)
(2)Where an order is published under subsection (1), the Board—
(a)shall publish with such order sufficient particulars to acquaint the public with the nature of the matter to which the order relates; and
(b)may publish with such order an account of the proceedings of the inquiry committee.
(3)No action in damages for defamation shall lie against any person as a result of publishing an order and other particulars required or permitted under this section.

Service of orders of inquiry committee – Disciplinary Proceedings

Service of orders of inquiry committee
(1)The Registrar shall serve a copy of any order made under section 23(1), together with a copy of the inquiry committee’s reasons, or serve notice that the inquiry committee has not found that the registered professional engineer concerned committed a disciplinary offence, upon the registered professional engineer who was the subject of the complaint, either personally or by registered post addressed to his registered address immediately when the Registrar receives— (Amended 33 of 1997 s. 12)
(a)the report of the review committee, unless the inquiry committee is to reconsider its decision; or
(b)any order of the inquiry committee reviewed under section 25(4)(d).
(2)The Registrar shall not remove the name of the registered professional engineer from the register before the expiry of a period of 3 months after the date of service of the order under subsection (1) or, in the case of an appeal made to the Court of Appeal against the order under section 28, before the appeal is finally determined. (Amended 10 of 2005 s. 88)
(3)Any person whose name has been removed from the register under this Ordinance may apply to the Board for the restoration of his name to the register, and the Board may, after such inquiry and subject to such conditions as it may consider desirable, allow or refuse the application.
(4)If the Board allows an application under subsection (3), it shall order the Registrar to restore the name of the applicant to the register on payment by the applicant of the prescribed fee.

Review of disciplinary orders – Disciplinary Proceedings

Review of disciplinary orders
(1)When an inquiry committee completes its hearing in respect of a disciplinary offence and makes a finding that a disciplinary offence has been committed, the Registrar shall forthwith forward the inquiry committee’s decision and details of any order proposed to be made by the inquiry committee under section 23 to the Board for review.
(2)The Board shall appoint 3 of its members, one of whom shall be qualified in the discipline, or, in the opinion of the Board, a discipline similar to the discipline, of the registered professional engineer concerned to sit with the Chairman as a review committee to review the decision of the inquiry committee.
(3)The Board shall not appoint a member of the inquiry committee to be a member of the review committee.
(4)The review committee may—
(a)confirm the decision and any proposed order of the inquiry committee;
(b)reverse a finding of guilt of the inquiry committee;
(c)recommend that any proposed order made by the inquiry committee be varied; or
(d)remit the decision or any proposed order of the inquiry committee to the inquiry committee with directions to reconsider the decision or proposed order or both.
(5)The inquiry committee shall comply with the directions and recommendation, if any, of the review committee.